| Baby Boom Galaxy | |
|---|---|
Baby Boom Galaxy (Green-Red Splotch) |
|
| Observation data | |
| Constellation | Sextans |
| Right ascension | 10h 00m 54.52s [1] |
| Declination | +2° 34′ 35.17″ |
| Redshift | 280,919 km/s |
| Distance | 12.2 Billion Light Years |
| Type | Starburst galaxy,[1] SMG[2] |
| Other designations | |
| EQ J100054+023435,[3] Baby Boom Galaxy | |
| See also: Galaxy, List of galaxies | |
The Baby Boom Galaxy is a starburst galaxy located 12.2 billion light years away.[1][4] Discovered by NASA's Spitzer Science Center at the California Institute of Technology, the galaxy is notable for being the new record holder for the brightest starburst galaxy in the very distant universe, with brightness being a measure of its extreme star-formation rate.[5] The Baby Boom Galaxy has been nicknamed "the extreme stellar machine" because it is seen producing stars at a surprising rate of up to 4,000 per year. The Milky Way galaxy in which we live turns out an average of just 10 stars per year.[4]
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The Baby Boom Galaxy was discovered and characterized in 2008 using a suite of telescopes operating at different wavelengths. NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and Japan's Subaru Telescope, atop Mauna Kea in Hawaii, first spotted the galaxy in visible-light images, where it appeared as an inconspicuous smudge due to its great distance.[6] It wasn't until the Spitzer and the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, also on Mauna Kea in Hawaii, observed the galaxy at infrared and submillimeter wavelengths, respectively, that the galaxy was formally discovered.[4]
The Baby Boom Galaxy is so named because it generates over 4,000 stars per year (compared to an average of just 10 per year for the Milky Way).[1][4][5] At that rate, the galaxy needs only 50 million years to grow into an equivalent of the most massive galaxy ever observed.[7] The discovery also challenges the accepted model for galaxy formation, which has most galaxies slowly bulking up by absorbing pieces of other galaxies, rather than growing internally.[8] Another unusual aspect is the fact that scientists are observing this galaxy at a time when the universe was only a little over 1.4 billion years old, meaning that this galaxy was exhibiting this strange behaviour while the universe was still in its infancy.[5]
"This galaxy is undergoing a major baby boom, producing most of its stars all at once," said Peter Capak of NASA's Spitzer Science Center. "If our human population was produced in a similar boom, then almost all of the people alive today would be the same age."[4]
To that, the principal investigator of the Cosmic Evolution Surveyor, Nick Scoville of Caltech responded: "We may be witnessing, for the first time, the formation of one of the most massive elliptical galaxies in the universe."[7]